'''Short description:''' The operational TOPAZ5-ECOSMO Arctic Ocean system uses the ECOSMO biological model coupled online to the TOPAZ5 physical model planned for a future update of the ARCTIC_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_002_001_a physical forecast. It is run daily to provide 10 days of forecast of 3D biogeochemical variables ocean. The coupling is done by the FABM framework. Coupling to a biological ocean model provides a description of the evolution of basic biogeochemical variables. The output consists of daily mean fields interpolated onto a standard grid and 40 fixed levels in NetCDF4 CF format. Variables include 3D fields of nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, silicate), phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass, oxygen, chlorophyll, primary productivity, carbon cycle variables (pH, dissolved inorganic carbon and surface partial CO2 pressure in seawater, carbon export) and light attenuation coefficient. Surface Chlorophyll-a from satellite ocean colour is assimilated every week and projected downwards using the Uitz et al. (2006) method. A new 10-day forecast is produced daily using the previous day's forecast and the most up-to-date prognostic forcing fields. Output products have 6.25 km resolution at the North Pole (equivalent to 1/8 deg) on a stereographic projection. See the Product User Manual for the exact projection parameters. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00003

'''Short description:''' The TOPAZ-ECOSMO reanalysis system assimilates satellite chlorophyll observations and in situ nutrient profiles. The model uses the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) coupled online to a sea ice model and the ECOSMO biogeochemical model. It uses the Determinstic version of the Ensemble Kalman Smoother to assimilate remotely sensed colour data and nutrient profiles. Data assimilation, including the 80-member ensemble production, is performed every 8-days. Atmospheric forcing fields from the ECMWF ERA-5 dataset are used. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00006

'''Short description:''' The current version of the TOPAZ system - TOPAZ4b - is nearly identical to the real-time forecast system run at MET Norway. It uses a recent version of the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) developed at University of Miami (Bleck 2002). HYCOM is coupled to a sea ice model; ice thermodynamics are described in Drange and Simonsen (1996) and the elastic-viscous-plastic rheology in Hunke and Dukowicz (1997). The model's native grid covers the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans, has fairly homogeneous horizontal spacing (between 11 and 16 km). 50 hybrid layers are used in the vertical (z-isopycnal), more than the TOPAZ4 system (28 layers). TOPAZ4b uses the Deterministic version of the Ensemble Kalman filter (DEnKF; Sakov and Oke 2008) to assimilate remotely sensed as well as temperature and salinity profiles. The output is interpolated onto standard grids and depths. Daily values are provided at all depths. Data assimilation, including the 100-member ensemble production, is performed weekly. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00007

'''Short description:''' The operational TOPAZ5 Arctic Ocean system uses the HYCOM model and a 100-member EnKF assimilation scheme. It is run daily to provide 10 days of forecast (average of 10 members) of the 3D physical ocean, including sea ice with the CICEv5.1 model; data assimilation is performed weekly to provide 7 days of analysis (ensemble average). Output products are interpolated on a grid of 6 km resolution at the North Pole on a polar stereographic projection. The geographical projection follows these proj4 library parameters: proj4 = "+units=m +proj=stere +lon_0=-45 +lat_0=90 +k=1 +R=6378273 +no_defs" '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00001

'''Short description:''' The Arctic Ocean Wave Hindcast system uses the WAM model at 3 km resolution forced with surface winds and boundary wave spectra from the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) ERA5 reanalysis together with ice from the ARC MFC reanalysis (Sea Ice concentration and thickness). Additionally, in the North Atlantic area, surface winds are used from a 2.5km atmospheric hindcast system. From the output variables the most commonly used are significant wave height, peak period and mean direction. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00008

'''Short description:''' The Arctic Ocean Wave Analysis and Forecast system uses the WAM model at 3 km resolution forced with surface winds and boundary wave spectra from the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) together with currents and ice from the ARC MFC analysis (Sea Ice concentration and thickness). WAM runs twice daily providing one hourly 10 days forecast and one hourly 5 days forecast. From the output variables the most commonly used are significant wave height, peak period and mean direction. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00002