'''Short description''': The BLKSEA_ANALYSISFORECAST_PHY_007_001 is produced with a hydrodynamic model implemented over the whole Black Sea basin, including the Bosporus Strait and a portion of the Marmara Sea for the optimal interface with the Mediterranean Sea through lateral open boundary conditions. The model horizontal grid resolution is 1/40° in zonal and 1/40° in meridional direction (ca. 121 km) and has 121 unevenly spaced vertical levels. The product provides analysis and forecast for 3D potential temperature, salinity, horizontal and vertical currents. Together with the 2D variables sea surface height, bottom potential temperature and mixed layer thickness. '''Product Citation''': Please refer to our Technical FAQ for citing products. http://marine.copernicus.eu/faq/cite-cmems-products-cmems-credit/?idpage=169 '''DOI (Product)''': https://doi.org/10.25423/cmcc/blksea_analysisforecast_phy_007_001_eas6

'''Short description:''' The biogeochemical reanalysis for the Black Sea is produced by the MAST/ULiege Production Unit by means of the BAMHBI biogeochemical model. The workflow runs on the CECI hpc infrastructure (Wallonia, Belgium). ''Product Citation'': Please refer to our Technical FAQ for citing products.http://marine.copernicus.eu/faq/cite-cmems-products-cmems-credit/?idpage=169 ''DOI (product)'': https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/BLKSEA_MULTIYEAR_BGC_007_005_BAMHBI

'''DEFINITION''' The oxygenation status of the Black Sea open basin is described by three complementary indicators, derived from vertical profiles and spatially averaged over the Black Sea open basin (depth > 50m). (1) The oxygen penetration depth is the depth at which [O2] < 20µM, expressed in [m]. (2) The oxygen penetration density is the potential density anomaly at the oxygen penetration depth [kg/m³]. (3) The oxygen inventory is the vertically integrated oxygen content [mol O2/m²]. The 20µM threshold was chosen to minimize the indicator sensitivity to sensor’s precision. Those three metrics are complementary: Oxygen penetration depth is more easily understood, but present more spatial variability. Oxygen penetration density helps in dissociating biogeochemical processes from shifts in the physical structure. Although less intuitive, the oxygen inventory is a more integrative diagnostic and its definition is more easily transposed to other areas. '''CONTEXT''' The Black Sea is permanently stratified, due to the contrast in density between large riverine and Mediterranean inflows. This stratification restrains the ventilation of intermediate and deep waters and confines, within a restricted surface layer, the waters that are oxygenated by photosynthesis and exchanges with the atmosphere. The vertical extent of the oxic layer determines the volume of habitat available for pelagic populations (Ostrovskii and Zatsepin 2011, Sakınan and Gücü 2017) and present spatial and temporal variations (Murray et al. 1989; Tugrul et al. 1992; Konovalov and Murray 2001). At long and mid-term, these variations can be monitored with three metrics (Capet et al. 2016), derived from the vertical profiles that can obtained from traditional ship casts or autonomous Argo profilers (Stanev et al., 2013). A large source of uncertainty associated with the spatial and temporal average of those metrics stems from the small number of Argo floats, scarcely adequate to sample the known spatial variability of those metrics. '''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS''' During the past 60 years, the vertical extent of the Black Sea oxygenated layer has narrowed from 140m to 90m (Capet et al. 2016). The Argo profilers active for 2016 suggested an ongoing deoxygenation trend and indicated an average oxygen penetration depth of 72m at the end of 2016, the lowest value recorded during the past 60 years. The oxygenation of subsurface water is closely related to the intensity of cold water formation, an annual ventilation processes which has been recently limited by warmer-than-usual winter air temperature (Capet et al. 2020). In 2017, 2018 and 2020, cold waters formation resulted in a partial reoxygenation of the intermediate layer. Yet, such ventilation has been lacking in winter 2020-2021, and the updated 2021 indicators reveals the lowest oxygen inventory ever reported in this OMI time series. This results in significant detrimental trends now depicted also over the Argo period (2012-2021). '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00213

'''Short description:''' BLKSEA_ANALYSISFORECAST_BGC_007_010 is the nominal product of the Black Sea Biogeochemistry NRT system and is generated by the NEMO 4.0-BAMHBI modelling system. Biogeochemical Model for Hypoxic and Benthic Influenced areas (BAMHBI) is an innovative biogeochemical model with a 28-variable pelagic component (including the carbonate system) and a 6-variable benthic component ; it explicitely represents processes in the anoxic layer. The product provides analysis and forecast for 3D concentration of chlorophyll, nutrients (nitrate and phosphate), dissolved oxygen, phytoplankton carbon biomass, net primary production, pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, and for 2D fields of bottom oxygen concentration (for the North-Western shelf), surface partial pressure of CO2 and surface flux of CO2. These variables are computed on a grid with ~3km x 59-levels resolution, and are provided as daily and monthly means. '''Product Citation:''' Please refer to our Technical FAQ for citing products.http://marine.copernicus.eu/faq/cite-cmems-products-cmems-credit/?idpage=169 '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.25423/cmcc/blksea_analysisforecast_bgc_007_010

'''Short description''': The wave analysis and forecasts for the Black Sea are produced with the third generation spectral wave model WAM Cycle 6. The hindcast and ten days forecast are produced twice a day on the HPC at Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon. The shallow water Black Sea version is implemented on a spherical grid with a spatial resolution of about 2.5 km (1/40° x 1/40°) with 24 directional and 30 frequency bins. The number of active wave model grid points is 74518. The model takes into account depth refraction, wave breaking, and assimilation of satellite wave and wind data. The system provides a hindcast and ten days forecast with one-hourly output twice a day. The atmospheric forcing is taken from ECMWF analyses and forecast data. Additionally, WAM is forced by surface currents and sea surface height from BLKSEA_ANALYSISFORECAST_PHY_007_001. Monthly statistics are provided operationally on the Product Quality Dashboard following the CMEMS metrics definitions. '''Product Citation''': Please refer to our Technical FAQ for citing products. http://marine.copernicus.eu/faq/cite-cmems-products-cmems-credit/?idpage=169 '''DOI (Product)''': https://doi.org/10.25423/cmcc/blksea_analysisforecast_wav_007_003_eas5

'''Short description''': The wave reanalysis for the Black Sea is produced with the third generation spectral wave model WAM Cycle 6. The reanalysis is produced on the HPC at Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon. The shallow water Black Sea version is implemented on a spherical grid with a spatial resolution of about 2.5 km (1/40° x 1/40°) with 24 directional and 30 frequency bins. The number of active wave model grid points is 74,518. The model takes into account wave breaking and assimilation of Jason satellite wave and wind data. The system provides one-hourly output and the atmospheric forcing is taken from ECMWF ERA5 data. '''Product Citation''': Please refer to our Technical FAQ for citing products. http://marine.copernicus.eu/faq/cite-cmems-products-cmems-credit/?idpage=169 '''DOI (Product)''': https://doi.org/10.25423/cmcc/blksea_multiyear_wav_007_006_eas4